COHA-based projects

The following are nearly 200 projects that were done by students in my Winter 2010 course "A Corpus-based Approach to the History of American English". All of these projects are based on data from COHA, and the projects provide thousands of links to COHA queries that allow you to see the data. Please remember that these projects were done by undergraduate students who had very little experience with either corpora or historical linguistics. In spite of these limitations, I think that you will agree that the projects are full of worthwhile and very interesting data. (Note that the links for Projects 7-9 are not available during Fall semester 2011 (Aug-Dec), as this class is offered again).

** Note that these webpages are in MHT format, which packages the text, hyperlinks, and graphics all in one file. Internet Explorer and Opera can display these files without problem. For Firefox, you need a plug-in. The MHT files will not work in Safari or Chrome.


1: Language change and culture
Take 7-8 words from the entire period 1810-2009 and show how the history of that word gives insights into historical, societal, and cultural shifts in the US

2: Lexical, by decade
Show how 15-20 "new" words and phrases in a particular decade (1810s-2000s) and within a particular topic reflect cultural and societal shifts during that particular decade.

3. Historical events, languages, and dialects
How historical events (e.g. wars, westward expansion) have influenced the language; American dialects; borrowings from other languages (Dutch, Spanish, etc)

4: Lexical, by topic
Show how the history of 15-20 words in a particular lexical field (e.g. food, religion, sports, movies) over the last 200 years reflect cultural, historical, and societal changes in America

5. Slang and metaphor
Map out the history of 8-10 slang words/phrases in a particular semantic field or with a particular metaphor (e.g. "going broke" or "falling in love")

6. Semantic change
Pick a fairly common word (e.g. strike or hot or sweep) and discuss how it has changed in terms of meaning and usage during the past 200 years.

7. Prescriptive rules and spelling changes
Discuss one prescriptive rule (e.g. can/may I, who/whom, preposition stranding, pronouns (Bill and I), agreement (each...is/are)), or 2-3 spelling changes (to(-)day, e(-)email, catalog(ue))

8. Syntactic and morphological change
Discuss one change, e.g. completives (end up V-ing), future (shall/will/going to), verb complements (start [to V/V-ing]), relative pronouns, etc.

9. Changes from the 1880s until now
Pick a 500-600 word segment of a book from the 1880s. Find several features that show morphological, syntactic, semantics, stylistic, or lexical changes between then and now


2: Lexical, by decade

Show how 15-20 "new" words and phrases in a particular decade (1810s-2000s) and within a particular topic reflect cultural and societal shifts during that particular decade.

Automobiles: 1920s
Transportation: 1910s
Computers and the Internet: 1990s
Movies and radio: 1930s
Food: 1960s
Crime: 1920s - 1930s
Fashion: 1960s
Art: 1960s - 1990s
Space Exploration: 1960s
Gender: 1960s-1980s
Immigration/Urbanization/Industrialization: 1900s - 1910s
Music: 1950s - 1970s
Black influence: 1960s - 1970s
Business: 1920s
Art: Early 1900s
Civilian life: 1940s
Insults/slang: 1830s
Drugs: 1960s
Crime: 1855 - 1875
Clothing and Fashion: 1900s
Teenager Pop Culture: 1950s


3. Historical events, languages, and dialects

How historical events (e.g. wars, westward expansion) have influenced the language; American dialects; borrowings from other languages (Dutch, Spanish, etc)

Korean Conflict
World War II
Vietnam War and Watergate
Borrowings: Jewish / Irish
"Gay 90s" / Spanish-American War / Immigrants
World War I
Borrowings: French and Italian
Great Depression / Dust Bowl / New Deal
Roaring 20s / Prohibition
Native American languages
Borrowings: Irish
War of 1812 and Mexican-American War
African American English
Abolition / Civil War
Reconstruction
Borrowings: Spanish
Manifest Destiny and the Move West
Borrowings: German
Historical, dialects, and borrowing
Taxation without Representation / Revolutionary War
Borrowings: Dutch


4: Lexical, by topic

Show how the history of 15-20 words in a particular lexical field (e.g. food, religion, sports, movies) over the last 200 years reflect cultural, historical, and societal changes in America

Food
Shopping
Recreation
Popular Music
Health: exercise
Medicine
Movies
Advertising
Television
Women's Clothing
Fire fighting
News (print, radio, television, internet)
Terms of Endearment
Cyberspace
Monsters and fabulous creatures
Holidays
Domestic matters and manners
Political Correctness
Legal Language
Crime
Environment


5. Slang and metaphor

Map out the history of 8-10 slang words/phrases in a particular semantic field or with a particular metaphor (e.g. "going broke" or "falling in love")

People and Society: Friends
Pregnancy and Childbirth
Anger
Sleeping
Romance
Mental States (people who "aren't all there")
Crime and Punishment
"Nothing"
Money
Easiness
Success / Failure
Body and Its Parts
Violence
Expressions of refusal, denial, or rejection
Honesty
Sports
Acting
Possibility, probability and certainty
Cowardice
Fate / Wierd
Health


6. Semantic change

Pick a fairly common word (e.g. strike or hot or sweep) and discuss how it has changed in terms of meaning and usage during the past 200 years.

Flip
Snap
Kid
Ring
Hook
Hit
Wave
Stuff
Date
Smart
Promise
Cool
Show
Dress
Mug
Click
Blow
Catch
Organic
Lift
Smash


7. Prescriptive rules and spelling changes

Discuss one prescriptive rule (e.g. can/may I, who/whom, preposition stranding, pronouns (Bill and I), agreement (each...is/are)), or 2-3 spelling changes (to(-)day, e(-)email, catalog(ue))

Less / fewer
can I / may I
Relative Pronouns
Split Infinitives
Preposition Stranding
Multiple Negation
Real / really
Between you and I / me
Subjunctive
Foreign plurals
Irregular simple past
Lie / lay
Try and / to
Good / well
Affect / effect
Hopefully (sentence initial)
Among / between
Who / whom
The reason is because
Further / farther
Will / shall


8. Syntactic and morphological change

Discuss one change, e.g. completives (end up V-ing), future (shall/will/going to), verb complements (start [to V/V-ing]), relative pronouns, etc.

Gender-defining constructions
Reflexive Pronouns
Contractions
Comparatives
Future (going to verb / will verb)
Kind of, sort of, type of ("package" nouns)
Modals
Semi-modals
Go / come adj
HAVE as +/- main verb (have you the time)
Feminine Nouns
Noun Suffixes
Object / possessive with -ing verbs (don't mind you/your going)
INF / V-ING (he saw a man come / coming out of the building)
Will / Shall
Get ADJ(ed)
Help -- / help to
Genitives (the street's repair, the repair of the street)
+/- that
Verb Agreement (each of them is/are)
Real / really ADJ


9. Changes from the 1880s until now

Pick a 500-600 word segment of a book from the 1880s. Find several features that show morphological, syntactic, semantics, stylistic, or lexical changes between then and now

Within The Enemy's Lines
O! Pioneers (by Willa Cather)
Jo's Boys by Louisa May Alcott
Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson
Miss Eliot's Girls
A Jolly Fellowship
Princess
Spinning-Wheel Stories by Louisa May Alcott 1884
Little Britain-Washington Irving 1880
The Grocery Man and Peck's Bad Boy
Daisy Brooks Or, A Perilous Love (Libbey, Laura Jean, 1862-1924)
Ting-a-Ling
Jack and Jill by Louisa May Alcott
Little Britain - Washington Irving - different paragraphs than Christine
Connor Magan's luck and other stories
Jo's Boys
The Daughter-In-Law
A Fearful Responsibility and Other Stories
The Hoosier School-boy
THE LADY, OR THE TIGER?
The Midnight Queen